Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/11434/1366
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dc.contributor.authorKopsidas, George-
dc.contributor.authorKovalenko, Sergey-
dc.contributor.authorHeffernan, Damien-
dc.contributor.authorYarovaya, Natalia-
dc.contributor.authorKramarova, Ludmilla-
dc.contributor.authorStojanovski, Diane-
dc.contributor.authorBorg, Judy-
dc.contributor.authorIslam, Mohammed-
dc.contributor.authorCaragounis, Aphrodite-
dc.contributor.authorLinnane, Anthony-
dc.date.accessioned2018-06-01T03:09:46Z-
dc.date.available2018-06-01T03:09:46Z-
dc.date.issued2000-06-
dc.identifier.citationAnn N Y Acad Sci. 2000 Jun;908:226-43en_US
dc.identifier.issn1749-6632en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11434/1366-
dc.description.abstractSeveral lines of evidence support the view that the bioenergetic function of the mitochondria in postmitotic tissue deteriorates during normal aging. Skeletal muscle is one such tissue that undergoes age-related fiber loss and atrophy and an age-associated rise in the number of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficient fibers. With such metabolic pressure placed on skeletal muscle it would be an obvious advantage to supplement the cellular requirement for energy by up-regulating glycolysis, and alternative pathway for energy synthesis. Analysis of rat skeletal muscle utilizing antibodies directed against key enzymes involved in glycolysis has provided evidence of an age-associated increase in the enzymes involved in glycolysis. Fructose-6-phosphate kinase, aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase protein levels appeared to increase in the soleus, gracilis, and quadriceps muscle from aged rats. The increase in the level of these proteins appeared to correlate to a corresponding decrease in the amount of cytochrome c oxidase protein measured in the same tissue. Together these results are interpreted to represent a general upregulation of glycolysis that occurs in response to the age-associated decrease in mitochondrial energy capacity. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and mutations may accumulate with advancing age until they reach a threshold level were they impinge on the bioenergy capacity of the cell or tissue. Evidence indicates that mtDNA from the skeletal muscle of both aged rats and humans not only undergoes changes at the nucleotide sequence level (mutations and DNA damage), but also undergoes modifications at the tertiary level to generate unique age-related conformational mtDNA species. One particular age-related conformational form was only detected in aged rat tissues with high demands on respiration, specifically in heart, kidney, soleus muscle, and, to a lesser extent, the quadriceps muscle. The age-related form was not detected in gracilis muscle which is predominantly dependent upon glycolysis with regard to its energy requirements. Finally, a comprehensive hypothesis is presented that features the stochastic nature of the mitochondrial system. The basis of the hypothesis is that a dynamic relationship exists between endogenous mutagen production, DNA repair, mtDNA turnover, and nuclear control of mtDNA copy number and that age-associated changes in the dynamics of this relationship lead to a loss of functional full-length mtDNA that eventually leads to bioenergy decline.en_US
dc.publisherNew York Academy of Sciencesen_US
dc.subjectBioenergetic Functionen_US
dc.subjectDNA, Mitochondrialen_US
dc.subjectSkeletal Muscleen_US
dc.subjectAge-Related Fiber Lossen_US
dc.subjectAgingen_US
dc.subjectGeneticsen_US
dc.subjectGlycolysisen_US
dc.subjectDNA Mutationen_US
dc.subjectNucleic Acid Conformationen_US
dc.subjectStochastic Processesen_US
dc.subjectmtDNAen_US
dc.subjectDNA Damageen_US
dc.subjectCentre for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Epworth Medical Centre, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.en_US
dc.titleTissue mitochondrial DNA changes. A stochastic system.en_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06650.xen_US
dc.identifier.journaltitleAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciencesen_US
dc.description.pubmedurihttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10911962en_US
dc.type.studyortrialReviewen_US
dc.type.contenttypeTexten_US
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